Cannonau is more than just a wine; it’s a symbol, and it’s deeply rooted in the history and culture of Sardinia, considered one of the island’s iconic wines. Let’s dive into what makes this famous Sardinian wine so special, exploring its origins and storied past.
What is Cannonau
Widely considered one of the Mediterranean’s oldest grape varieties, Cannonau’s origins trace back over 3,000 years to the Nuragic era, when Sardinia was home to an advanced and mysterious civilization. Since then, this grape has become an integral part of Sardinia’s winemaking tradition.
Over time, Cannonau has not only become an icon for its quality but also for its connection to the Sardinian land. The island’s Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry summers and mild winters, along with mineral-rich soils, has allowed Cannonau to thrive and develop unique and unmistakable characteristics. Its widespread cultivation across Sardinia has made it a staple in the island’s rural life and gastronomy, earning its place as one of the most appreciated red wines in Italy and beyond.
Cannonau is also celebrated for its health benefits. Recent studies highlight its high concentration of polyphenols, natural antioxidants that protect cells from oxidative damage, reducing the risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular conditions. Some researchers attribute the longevity of Sardinians, part of the world’s “blue zones,” to moderate Cannonau consumption, alongside a Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil, whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and, of course, Cannonau wine.
The Name “Cannonau”
The etymology of “Cannonau” is as intriguing as its history. One theory links it to the Spanish word “canno,” meaning “cane” or “stem,” referring to the robust and resilient vines that withstand Sardinia’s challenging climate. Another suggests connections to ancient Sardinian dialects, describing unique features of the grape or wine.
Origins and History of Cannonau Wine
The origins of Cannonau are still a topic of debate among scholars. One popular theory suggests a close relationship with the Spanish Garnacha (known as Grenache in France), believed to have been introduced to Sardinia during the Aragonese rule in the 14th century. The grape would have adapted perfectly to the island’s climate and soil, evolving into the Cannonau we know today.
On the other hand, archaeological findings suggest that vine cultivation in Sardinia predates Spanish influence, pointing to Cannonau being an indigenous variety. Grape seeds found at Nuragic sites indicate that wine production was common on the island millennia ago, supporting the idea that Cannonau is a true Sardinian heritage.
This blend of legend and reality only adds to the allure of Cannonau, a wine with ancient roots that has adapted and transformed over centuries, becoming one of Sardinia’s most treasured enological expressions.
Is Cannonau the Oldest Wine in the Mediterranean?
Cannonau is not only renowned for its quality, but also for its role in archaeological discoveries that shed light on the Mediterranean’s wine history. In 2002, grape seeds dating back to the Nuragic era were found in Borore, central Sardinia, suggesting Cannonau could be among the Mediterranean’s oldest wines. If confirmed, this would position Cannonau as a key symbol of Mediterranean viticultural history, distinguished not only by its taste but also by its historic significance.
Characteristics of Cannonau Grapes
Cannonau grapes are known for their bright green leaves, medium-sized clusters, and medium-small berries of a stunning black-violet color. The harvest typically occurs at the end of September, as the grapes have a medium-late ripening period.
Cannonau is officially listed in the national grape variety catalog since 1970 and is known for its ability to adapt to varying climates and soils across Sardinia.
Characteristics of Cannonau Wine
As Sardinia’s most famous and beloved red wine, Cannonau reflects the island’s essence. It is savory, slightly sweet, with pronounced notes of red fruits and flowers, making it pleasing to the palate. The Cannonau Sardegna DOC is the most significant designation, typically produced in pure form, though up to 10% of other black grape varieties may be included.
Cannonau comes in various styles: Red, Rosé, Riserva, Sweet, and Dry Fortified. The alcohol content ranges from 12.5% for red and rosé to 13% for Riserva, and up to 16-18% for the fortified versions. Ideal serving temperatures are 18-20 °C for reds and 8-10 °C for sweet and fortified wines. Proper glassware, such as long-stemmed glasses, is essential for enjoying the fortified varieties.
Pairing Cannonau Wine with Food
Cannonau wine, with its robust and complex profile, makes for a delightful companion to a variety of dishes. Here’s how you can pair this iconic Sardinian wine with food:
Meat Dishes: Cannonau’s bold flavors are a perfect match for hearty meat dishes. It pairs exceptionally well with grilled or roasted meats, such as beef, lamb, and pork. A traditional Sardinian pairing is with “porceddu,” or roasted suckling pig, where the wine’s rich notes complement the savory flavors of the meat.
Cheeses: Cannonau is versatile with cheeses, making it an excellent choice for a cheese platter. Pair younger Cannonau with medium-aged cheeses, while a more mature Riserva works beautifully with aged, hard cheeses like Pecorino. The wine’s fruitiness balances the saltiness and richness of the cheese.
Pasta and Risotto: With its floral bouquet and fruity notes, Cannonau pairs well with rich pasta dishes. Consider serving it with lasagna or a hearty ragù. A truffle risotto also makes a luxurious pairing, where the wine’s complexity complements the dish’s aromatic profile.
